Accurate evaluation of friction using Metal Forming Tribometer (MFT)Automotive industry continues to develop cars that are lighter, stronger, and cost effective to manufacture using advanced high strength steels (ex. 22MnB5). Hot stamping is used to manufacture vehicle components by pressing steel blank (Al-Si, Zn-Ni coatings) above 900o C between closed dies (H13 steel) to get the final shape (Figure 1A). It is known that Volvo has approximately 40 % of its vehicle weight made of hot stamped steel. High temperatures cause excessive friction and wear between the workpiece and die tools driven by adhesive, abrasive and oxidative wear (Figure ... Read More
Category: Application Notes
Importance of Friction Measurement during ASTM G65 Abrasion TestingIt is well known that both energy efficiency and productivity are critical for large scale industrial operations. Components such as molds and dies used in powder metallurgy industry and jaws, hoppers, chutes, pumps in mining and cement industry are affected by abrasive wear during raw material handling. Advanced steel grades (with bainite-martensite-carbide microstructure, Hadfield steel) and surface engineering solutions (WC-Co, Cr3C2) offering 10X higher wear resistance have improved productivity and reduced maintenance cost. However, the overall energy efficiency, driven by the electric/diesel power consumed during such operations is ignored. Frictional resistance between ... Read More
DLC coating to neutralize fretting of dental implant componentsThe success of two-piece dental implants (Figure 1) is threatened by fretting occurring between the ceramic abutment and the titanium-based fixture. A wrong design could generate mismatches between surfaces and a poor choice of materials would result in excessive micromotions between abutment and fixture. Sliding and fretting wear cause a disproportionate ion release in the surrounding tissues, potentially giving the gingiva a greyish appearance. The lost material enlarges the existing microgaps exposing the implant to bacterial colonization and infections. The extreme consequences of these processes result in the removal of the implant ... Read More
Realistic shearing conditions using Extreme Load TribometerIn general, tribometers used in the labs have contacts largely scaled down compared to friction contacts in the real field conditions. It has resulted in several key advantages for the users including short test duration, lower cost of testing, improved test repeatability and ease of testing. However, the largely scaled down contact conditions may not simulate the real life shearing state of lubricants. This often translates into reports with unrealistic friction and wear.
Figure 3. Temperature (A) and friction (B) profiles of engine oils with viscosity index (VI) of 163 and 124.Figure 1. Description ... Read More
Tribology in MiningAn example of friction and wear process during extraction, materials handling, and material processing is shown in Figure 1. Damages to the materials used for drilling or digging are a result of impact, erosive and abrasive contact with the earth surface. Materials used in crushers are faced with severe impact and abrasive contact with the large chunks of minerals. Mining trucks with lubricated engine components and other power transmission systems, used for materials handling are subjected to lubricated wear. In cases, where the size of the particles is in few mm, the transportation of minerals is made ... Read More
Solid particles in dusty environments can damage materials and affect dimensional tolerances in variety of industries ranging from gas turbines, helicopter rotor system (aerospace applications), boiler tubes (coal power plants) and wind turbines (renewable energy). Erosion of certain components can reduce operational efficiency of systems and have economic impact.